Positive Self Esteem In Preschoolers

Published on 24 February 2025 at 12:55

Definition of the topic

Self esteem is a stable “positive self-regard or attitude” (Cvncek et al., 2016, p. 50). It is

one of social psychology's most noteworthy observations; since the late 1800’s theorists were

documenting the importance of self-love (Cvncek et al., 2016). Self esteem is active in all of us

from a very young age, and recent study done with preschoolers revealed:

The present findings bear on the proposition that self-esteem serves an identity-

maintenance function, as described in balanced identity theory (BIT). BIT conceives self-

esteem as an association (of self with positive valence) that plays a central role in a

cognitive–affective configuration that also includes association of self with social

categories (e.g., gender identity) and associations of those social categories with valence

(e.g., gender attitude). (Cvncek et al., 2016, p. 55) These findings ring true for general societal

takes on self esteem and directly speak to the preschooler's experience. This study reveals the

contributing factors to self esteem are how we are connecting and categorizing ourselves.

These judgments are informed by social constructs and relationships or interactions.

 

I selected this topic because I remember the first time I was made to feel bad about my

self (specifically my body) in my preschool classroom. It is important to know these biases are

present as early as three years old and potentially hurting these children who deserve to feel like

they are a whole person, and worthy of respect and love. I went on to study accessible yoga

which places prevalence on the feel of the stretch and not the look. It also celebrates the infinite

number of ways a stretch can look because there is an infinite number of ways a body can look.

Affirming diverse abilities and appearances are tenants I feel are essential to the positive self

esteem preschoolers are establishing. This ideology is supported by Liechty et al. (2014), where

they emphasize “An important aspect of positive body image is attention to physical capability

and appreciation of body functionality over appearance alone” (para. 2). Their work also

specifies, “Body self-assessment that is based more on physical capability and less on external

appearance has been linked with better psychosocial outcomes among youth” (Liechty et al.,

2014, para. 2). The body is profoundly connected to the experience of self and the development of self

esteem, therefore, we must address this aspect directly. In my experience it is fundamental to

perceive the body’s sensorial value and capabilities in order to establish positive associations

with the self.

 

How this topic/concept/theory impacts preschool development

As per the previously cited study conducted with preschoolers, self esteem is connected

to identity maintenance and contributing factors are things like positive associations with social

categories. The Ontario Ministry of Education’s Excerpts from “ELECT” (2014), presents the

indicators of preschoolers developing the skill of self esteem as “judging themselves as worthy

individuals…seeing themselves as a valued member of the group…setting goals for themselves

and working towards them…acting responsibly towards others” (p. 40). These attributes are

clues into their inner processes because when we see them being considerate of others, they are

likely understanding themselves as worthy of consideration too. If a preschooler is willing to set

personal goals and work to achieve them, they are demonstrating a certain amount of positive

self regard. The Ontario Ministry of Education’s input highlights how educators can track the

experience of preschoolers developing positive self esteem. How educators respond to attributes

or help enhance them through conversations or learning experiences will affect the outcome.

 

How this knowledge will impact my future practice

Preschoolers are on the cusp of integrating their positive self beliefs and the associations

with things that they value into a solid, working self esteem. Having conversations and learning

experiences around forming judgements and categorizing ourselves and others to ensure the

messaging they are getting contributes to positive and caring beliefs. My future practice will

feature regular experiences that bring these abstract concepts into the tangible with activities in

the art centre or physical play. Nurturing a healthy self esteem allows them to share the notion

they are capable of great feats and worthy of love. These core tenants are what allow them to

navigate the world confidently, learn, and connect with others.

 

Example of a learning experience to support this area of development

Leading the children in an accessible yoga session where the core concept of “focus on

how you feel and not how you look” is communicated and brought into a tangible experience.

Selecting 20 different stretches to explore and identifying the different versions of each stretch,

that are all achieving the same results, as options for them. The overarching invitation is to

honour your unique inner experience and cultivate appreciation or love for yourself through this

lens. They are guided verbally and shown demonstrations for each stretch where the overarching

invitation is reinforced.

 

References

Cvencek, D., Greenwald, A. G., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2016). Implicit measures for preschool

children confirm self-esteem’s role in maintaining a balanced identity. Journal of

Experimental Social Psychology, 62, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.09.015

Liechty, J. M., Clarke, S., Birky, J. P., & Harrison, K. (2016). Perceptions of early body image

socialization in families: Exploring knowledge, beliefs, and strategies among mothers of

preschoolers. Body Image, 19, 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.010

Ontario Ministry of Education. (2014). Excerpts from “ELECT” foundational knowledge from

the 2007 publication of Early Learning for Every Child Today: A framework for Ontario

early childhood settings. https://www.dufferincounty.ca/sites/default/files/rtb/Excerpts-

from-Early-Learning-for-Every-Child-Today.pdf

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